Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/January

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January 1: Public Domain Day; Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (Roman Rite Catholicism)

Ellis Island

1739 – Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, the most remote island in the world, was discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
1773 – The hymn "Amazing Grace" was probably first used in a prayer meeting in Olney, England, without the music familiar to modern listeners.
1892 – The immigration station on Ellis Island (pictured) in New York Harbor opened, and would process almost 12 million immigrants to the United States over the course of its existence.
1928 – Joseph Stalin's personal secretary, Boris Bazhanov, crossed the Iranian border and defected from the Soviet Union.
1998 – Argentinian physicist Juan Maldacena published a landmark paper initiating the study of AdS/CFT correspondence, which links string theory and quantum gravity.

Lorenzo de' Medici (b. 1449)
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (b. 1852)
Shirley Chisholm (d. 2005)

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January 2: Feast day of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus and Saint Basil of Caesarea (Roman Rite Catholicism, Anglicanism)

Urbain Le Verrier

533 – Mercurius, a Roman priest, was elected Pope John II; he was apparently the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.
1680 – Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram of Java and his courtiers stabbed Trunajaya to death a week after the rebel leader surrendered to VOC forces.
1860 – French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier (pictured) announced the putative discovery of the planet Vulcan at a meeting at the French Academy of Sciences in Paris.
1944 – World War II: United States and Australian forces successfully landed in Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat.
1963 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong won its first major victory at the Battle of Ap Bac.

Lodomer (d. 1298)
Tex Rickard (b. 1870)
Dnyaneshwar Agashe (d. 2009)

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January 3

James Lick telescope

1521 – Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, excommunicating Martin Luther for refusing to retract 41 alleged errors found in his 95 Theses and other writings.
1888 – The 36-inch (91 cm) refracting telescope (pictured) at the Lick Observatory near San Jose, California, the largest in the world until 1897, was used for the first time.
1911 – A gun battle in the East End of London left two dead and sparked a political row over the operational involvement of Winston Churchill, then Home Secretary.
1973 – CBS announced the sale of the New York Yankees professional baseball team to a group of investors headed by American businessman George Steinbrenner.
1976 – The multilateral International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, part of the International Bill of Human Rights, came into effect.

Clement Attlee (b. 1883)
J. R. R. Tolkien (b. 1892)
Anna May Wong (b. 1905)

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January 4: Colonial Repression Martyrs' Day in Angola (1961)

Aeneas Mackintosh

1853 – Solomon Northup regained his freedom after having been sold into slavery in the American South; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave later became a bestseller.
1909 – British explorer Aeneas Mackintosh (pictured), a member of the Nimrod Expedition, escaped death by fleeing across ice floes.
1951 – Korean War: Chinese and North Korean troops captured Seoul from United Nations forces.
1973 – Last of the Summer Wine, the longest-running sitcom in the world, premiered as an episode of the BBC's Comedy Playhouse.
2020 – Sembawang Hot Spring Park in Singapore reopened after being redeveloped by the National Parks Board.

Louis Braille (b. 1809)
Johanna Westerdijk (b. 1883)
David Berman (b. 1967)

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January 5: Twelfth Night (Western Christianity)

Ernest Shackleton

1922 – Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton (pictured) died of a heart attack during his final expedition.
1941 – Second World War: Australian and British troops defeated Italian forces in Bardia, Libya, the first battle of the war in which an Australian Army formation took part.
2005 – The dwarf planet Eris was discovered by a team using images from the Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Observatory.
2007 – The Taiwan High Speed Rail opened, connecting Taipei and Kaohsiung.
2009 – In Eng Foong Ho v Attorney-General, the Court of Appeal of Singapore held that equality before the law was satisfied by a "reasonable nexus" between state action and the object of the law.

Hayao Miyazaki (b. 1941)
Bradley Cooper (b. 1975)
Deepika Padukone (b. 1986)

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January 6: Little Christmas

Maria Montessori

1066 – Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon monarch before the Norman Conquest, was crowned King of England.
1322 – Stefan Dečanski was crowned King of Serbia, succeeding his half-brother Stefan Konstantin, whom he later defeated in battle.
1839 – The worst storm to impact Ireland in 300 years damaged or destroyed more than 20 per cent of houses in Dublin with 100-knot (190 km/h) winds.
1907 – Italian educator Maria Montessori (pictured) opened her first school and day-care centre for working-class children in Rome, employing a philosophy of education that now bears her name.
1994 – Two-time American Olympic figure-skating medalist Nancy Kerrigan was hit on the leg with a police baton by an assailant hired by the ex-husband of her rival Tonya Harding.

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (b. 1587)
Jedediah Smith (b. 1799)
Alan Wiggins (d. 1991)

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January 7: Christmas (Eastern Christianity); Victory over Genocide Day in Cambodia (1979); Tricolour Day in Italy (1797)

Bank of North America

1610 – Through his telescope, Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei made the first observation of Jupiter's Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, although he was not able to distinguish the first two until the following night.
1782 – The Bank of North America (pictured) opened in Philadelphia as the de facto first central bank of the United States.
1989 – Representatives of Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini delivered a letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, inviting him to consider Islam as an alternative to communism, and predicting the dissolution of the Soviet Bloc.
1993 – The Fourth Republic of Ghana was inaugurated with Jerry Rawlings, the country's former military ruler, as president.
2012 – A hot air balloon flight from Carterton, New Zealand, collided with a power line while landing, causing it to crash and killing all eleven people on board.

Nicholas Hilliard (d. 1619)
E. Louisa Mather (b. 1815)
Juan Gabriel (b. 1950)

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January 8: Eugenio María de Hostos's birthday in Puerto Rico (2024)

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

1198 – Lotario dei Conti was elected as Pope Innocent III; he later worked to restore papal power in Rome.
1889 – American statistician Herman Hollerith received a patent for his electromechanical tabulating machine for punched-card data.
1936 – Reza Shah issued the Kashf-e hijab decree, ordering Iranian police to remove hijabs from any women in public.
1972 – Following Pakistan's defeat in the Bangladesh Liberation War, President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto released Bangladeshi politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (pictured) from prison in response to international pressure.
1991 – Jeremy Wade Delle committed suicide in his high-school class in Richardson, Texas, an event that inspired the Pearl Jam song "Jeremy".

Athelm (d. 926)
Fanny Bullock Workman (b. 1859)
David Bowie (b. 1947)

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January 9: Coming of Age Day in Japan (2023); Eugenio María de Hostos's birthday in Puerto Rico (2023)

The plane involved in the Iran Air Flight 277 crash

1857 – An earthquake registering 7.9 M_w ruptured part of the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California.
1970 – The Presidential Council for Minority Rights, an appointed body to review legislation and prevent discrimination against minorities, was created in Singapore.
1978 – Iranian Revolution: Protests took place in Qom after an article insulting Ruhollah Khomeini was published.
1991 – Representatives from the United States and Iraq met at the Geneva Peace Conference to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
2011 – In poor weather conditions, Iran Air Flight 277 (plane pictured) crashed near Urmia Airport, Iran, killing 78 of the 105 people on board.

William Dugard (b. 1606)
Samuel Gridley Howe (d. 1876)
Makinti Napanangka (d. 2011)

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January 10

Construction of the Metropolitan Railway

AD 9 – The Western Han dynasty of China ended after the throne was usurped by Wang Mang, who founded the Xin dynasty.
1475 – Moldavian–Ottoman Wars: Stephen the Great led Moldavian forces to defeat an Ottoman attack under Hadım Suleiman Pasha near Vaslui in present-day Romania.
1863 – Service began on the Metropolitan Railway (construction depicted) between Paddington and Farringdon Street, today the oldest segment of the London Underground.
1923 – Lithuanian residents of the Klaipėda Region began a revolt, ahead of a League of Nations decision on their future which they expected to be against their interest.
2007 – A general strike began in Guinea as an attempt to force President Lansana Conté to resign, eventually resulting in the appointment of two new prime ministers.

Hugh I of Cyprus (d. 1218)
Katharine Burr Blodgett (b. 1898)
Kalki Koechlin (b. 1984)

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January 11: Prithvi Jayanti in Nepal

Byzantine coin depicting Theodora

1055 – Theodora Porphyrogenita (pictured) became the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire after the death of her brother-in-law Constantine IX Monomachos.
1787 – German-born British astronomer William Herschel discovered two Uranian moons, later named Oberon and Titania by his son John.
1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Arkansas Post concluded with the Union Army capturing a fort from Confederate forces near the mouth of the Arkansas River.
1923 – Troops from France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr to force the Weimar Republic to pay reparations in the aftermath of World War I.
2013 – French special forces failed in an attempted rescue of a DGSE agent, who had been taken hostage in 2009 by al-Shabaab, in Bulo Marer, Somalia.

Domenico Ghirlandaio (d. 1494)
Bayard Taylor (b. 1825)
Peter Badcoe (b. 1934)

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January 12

Mission Santa Clara de Asís

1554 – Bayinnaung, who later assembled what was probably the largest empire in the history of mainland Southeast Asia, was crowned as the king of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty.
1777 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís (pictured), a Spanish mission in California that formed the basis of both the city of Santa Clara and Santa Clara University, was established by the Franciscans.
1918 – An underground explosion at a coal mine in Staffordshire, England, killed 155 men and boys.
1964 – Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah was overthrown by rebels led by John Okello, ending 200 years of Arab dominance in Zanzibar.
2010 – Iranian physicist Massoud Ali-Mohammadi was assassinated while leaving his home for the University of Tehran, where he was a professor.

John Winthrop (b. 1587 or 1588)
Étienne Lenoir (b. 1822)
Austin Chapman (d. 1926)

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January 13: Saint Knut's Day in Finland and Sweden

Sylvanus Olympio

1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: A naval battle off the coast of Brittany between two British frigates and a French ship of the line ended with hundreds of deaths when the latter ran aground.
1842 – First Anglo-Afghan War: William Brydon, an assistant surgeon in the British Army, was the sole European of the 14,000 people retreating from Kabul to Jalalabad who evaded capture or death.
1915 – About 30,000 people were killed when an earthquake struck the Province of L'Aquila in Italy.
1963 – Togo's first president, Sylvanus Olympio (pictured), was assassinated by military officers in a coup d'état led by Emmanuel Bodjollé, Étienne Eyadéma, and Kléber Dadjo.
2012 – The Italian cruise ship Costa Concordia ran aground on a reef and capsized off Isola del Giglio, Tuscany.

Lucy Filippini (b. 1672)
Salmon P. Chase (b. 1808)
Guido Dessauer (d. 2012)

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January 14: Ratification Day in the United States (1784)

Elvis Presley

1301 – King Andrew III died without any male heirs, ending the Árpád dynasty, which had ruled Hungary since the late 9th century.
1900 – Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca, based on the play La Tosca by French dramatist Victorien Sardou, premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome.
1939 – Norway claimed Queen Maud Land, a 2.7-million km² (1.0-million sq mi) region of Antarctica, as a dependent territory.
1957 – Hindu spiritual leader Kripalu Maharaj was named the fifth original jagadguru, meaning 'world teacher'.
1973 – Elvis Presley's (pictured) concert Aloha from Hawaii via Satellite was broadcast live to audiences in Asia and Oceania.

Carrie Derick (b. 1862)
James P. Hagerstrom (b. 1921)
Arfa Karim (d. 2012)

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January 15: John Chilembwe Day in Malawi; World Religion Day (2023)

Fragment of the Derveni papyrus

1815 – War of 1812: The American frigate USS President, commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, was captured by a squadron of four British frigates.
1937 – Spanish Civil War: Nationalist and Republican forces both withdrew after suffering heavy losses at the Second Battle of the Corunna Road.
1947 – The mutilated corpse of the Black Dahlia, a 22-year-old woman whose murder is one of the most famous unsolved crimes in the United States, was found in Leimert Park, Los Angeles.
1962 – The Derveni papyrus (fragment pictured), the oldest surviving manuscript in Europe, was discovered in Macedonia in northern Greece.
1975 – Portugal and the nationalist factions UNITA, the MPLA and the FNLA signed the Alvor Agreement, ending the Angolan War of Independence.

Wilhelm Marx (b. 1863)
Sylvia Lawler (b. 1922)
Bo Yibo (d. 2007)

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January 16: Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States (2023)

Frank McGee

1537 – Sir Francis Bigod began an armed rebellion against King Henry VIII and the English Parliament.
1780 – American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy gained their first major naval victory over their European enemies in the war when they defeated a Spanish squadron in the Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
1883 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is enacted by the U.S. Congress.
1905 – Despite being blind in one eye, ice hockey player Frank McGee (pictured) set the record for most goals in a Stanley Cup game when he scored 14 against the Dawson City Nuggets.
2016 – After gunmen took hostages the previous night at a restaurant in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, government commandos stormed the premises to bring the situation to an end.

John C. Breckinridge (b. 1821)
Osip Brik (b. 1888)
Lorna Kesterson (d. 2012)

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January 17

Patrice Lumumba

1562 – Representatives of Catherine de' Medici, the regent of France, drew up the Edict of Saint-Germain, providing limited tolerance to the Protestant Huguenots.
1773 – On James Cook's second voyage, his vessel HMS Resolution became the first vessel to cross the Antarctic Circle.
1912 – Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition reached the South Pole, only to find that Roald Amundsen's team had beaten them by 33 days.
1961 – Patrice Lumumba (pictured), a former prime minister of Congo-Léopoldville, was murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the Belgian and US governments.
2002 – Mount Nyiragongo, a volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, began an eruption that killed hundreds and left about 120,000 people homeless in the nearby town of Goma.

Henry of Asti (d. 1345)
Thomas Jaggar (d. 1953)
Zhao Ziyang (d. 2005)

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January 18

Marion Barry

474 – The young child Leo II became the sole Byzantine emperor upon the death of his grandfather Leo I.
1535 – Francisco Pizarro founded Ciudad de los Reyes (present-day Lima, Peru) as the capital of the lands he conquered for the Spanish crown.
1788 – The armed tender HMS Supply, the first ship of the First Fleet, arrived at Botany Bay, Australia.
1943 – World War II: In Operation Iskra, the Red Army established a narrow land corridor to Leningrad, partially easing the protracted German siege.
1958 – Willie O'Ree of the Boston Bruins played his first game in the National Hockey League, becoming the first black Canadian to compete in the NHL.
1990 – In a sting operation conducted by the FBI, Marion Barry (pictured), the mayor of Washington, D.C., was arrested for possession of crack cocaine.

Jobst of Moravia (d. 1411)
Jeanne Quinault (d. 1783)
Vinod Kambli (b. 1972)

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January 19

Klaus Barbie

1419 – Hundred Years' War: The Siege of Rouen ended with English troops capturing the city from Norman French forces.
1511 – War of the League of Cambrai: Troops led by Pope Julius II captured Mirandola after a brief siege.
1920 – The American Civil Liberties Union was founded by the directors of the National Civil Liberties Bureau.
1972 – The French newspaper L'Aurore revealed that the former Nazi SS officer Klaus Barbie (pictured), the "Butcher of Lyon", had been found to be living in Peru.
2012 – The Hong Kong–based file-sharing website Megaupload was shut down by the FBI.

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (d. 1636)
Arthur Morris (b. 1922)
Sarah Burke (d. 2012)

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January 20: Day of Nationwide Sorrow in Azerbaijan (1990)

2009 inauguration of Barack Obama

1356 – Edward Balliol, whose father John was briefly King of Scotland, gave up his claim to the throne in exchange for an English pension.
1942 – The Holocaust: Reinhard Heydrich and other senior Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin to discuss the implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question".
2009 – In Washington, D.C., Barack Obama was inaugurated (pictured) as the first African American president of the United States.

Wulfstan (d. 1095)
Carl Linnaeus the Younger (b. 1741)
Naomi Parker Fraley (d. 2018)

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January 21

Members of the First Dáil

763 – The Abbasid Caliphate crushed the Alid revolt when a rebel leader was mortally wounded in battle near Basra in present-day Iraq.
1789 – The Power of Sympathy by William Hill Brown, widely considered to be the first American novel, was published.
1919 – The First Dáil (members pictured) convened at the Mansion House in Dublin and adopted a declaration of independence calling for the establishment of the Irish Republic.
1972 – Tripura, formerly part of the independent Twipra Kingdom, became a state of India.
2017 – Millions of people participated in the worldwide Women's March, to advocate for legislation and policies on human rights and other issues.

Theodor Fliedner (b. 1800)
Edith Tolkien (b. 1889)
Vincent Lingiari (d. 1988)

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January 22: Chinese New Year (2023), Day of Unity of Ukraine(Neo-Nazi) (1919)

Depiction of a 19th-century Swiss Guard

1506 – The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards (example depicted) arrived in Rome to provide security for the pope.
1689 – The Convention Parliament met to decide the fate of the throne after James II, the last Catholic monarch of England, fled to France following the Glorious Revolution.
1906 – SS Valencia was wrecked off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, in a location so treacherous it was known as the Graveyard of the Pacific.
1973 – The U.S. Supreme Court delivered a landmark decision in Roe v. Wade, striking down laws restricting abortion during the first two trimesters of pregnancy.
2012 – Croatia held a referendum, in which it voted to become a member of the European Union.

Karl Ernst Claus (b. 1796)
Gisela Januszewska (b. 1867)
Michael Hutchence (b. 1960)

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January 23

Elizabeth Blackwell

1556 – One of the deadliest earthquakes in history struck Shaanxi, China, resulting in at least 100,000 direct deaths.
1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell (pictured) graduated from Geneva Medical College in New York, making her the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.
1909 – Two men committed an armed robbery in Tottenham, London, and led police on a two-hour chase, partially by tram, that ended in the perpetrators' suicides.
1942 – World War II: Japan began an invasion of the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.
1993 – The first version of Mosaic, created by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, was released, becoming the first popular web browser.

Mary Ward (b. 1585)
Ernst Abbe (b. 1840)
Louisa Cadamuro (b. 1987)

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January 24: Day of the Unification of the Romanian Principalities in Romania (1859)

University of Calcutta shortly after its founding

AD 41 – Cassius Chaerea and disgruntled Praetorian Guards murdered the Roman emperor Caligula, leading to him being succeeded by his uncle Claudius.
1857 – The University of Calcutta (pictured) was established as the first modern university in the Indian subcontinent.
1915 – First World War: British ships of the Grand Fleet intercepted and surprised a German High Seas Fleet squadron in the North Sea, sinking a cruiser and damaging several other vessels.
1966 – Air India Flight 101, en route from Bombay to London, crashed into Mont Blanc in France, killing all 117 people on board.
1989 – American serial killer Ted Bundy was executed by electric chair in Florida for the murders of thirty young women.

Richard de Bury (b. 1287)
Edith Wharton (b. 1862)
Mark Eaton (b. 1957)

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January 25: Feast day of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus (Eastern Orthodoxy) and Dwynwen (Wales)

SS Laurentic

1704 – English colonists from the Province of Carolina and their native allies began a series of raids against the largely peaceful population of Apalachee in Spanish Florida.
1917 – Serving as a British armed merchant cruiser, Laurentic (pictured) was sunk by German naval mines off the northern coast of Ireland, resulting in 354 deaths.
1967 – South Vietnamese junta leader Nguyễn Cao Kỳ fired his rival Nguyễn Hữu Có while the latter was overseas on a diplomatic visit.
1995 – A team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII sounding rocket, which was mistaken by Russian forces for a Trident missile.

Mihrimah Sultan (d. 1578)
John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher (b. 1841)
Mikhail Suslov (d. 1982)

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January 26: Australia Day (1788); Republic Day in India (1950)

Cullinan Diamond

1700 – An earthquake with a moment magnitude of around 9.0 occurred off the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records of tsunamis.
1841 – Commodore Gordon Bremer took formal possession of Hong Kong Island for the United Kingdom at Possession Point.
1905 – The 3,106-carat (621 g) Cullinan Diamond (pictured), the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, was discovered at the Premier Mine in Gauteng, South Africa.
1945 – Audie Murphy engaged in action at the Colmar Pocket that won him a Medal of Honor and made him one of the most famous and decorated U.S. soldiers of World War II.

Giuseppe Genco Russo (b. 1893)
Angela Davis (b. 1944)
David Kato (d. 2011)

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January 27

Entrance to Auschwitz I

945 – The brothers Stephen and Constantine Lekapenos, having deposed their father as Byzantine emperor a few weeks earlier, were themselves overthrown by Constantine VII, their co-emperor.
1820 – A Russian expedition led by the naval officers Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev made the first sighting of the coast of Antarctica.
1945 – The Soviet Red Army liberated about 7,000 prisoners left behind by the Nazis in Auschwitz concentration camp (entrance pictured).
1974 – Brisbane, Australia, was flooded when the Brisbane River broke its banks.
2003 – The first selections for the United States National Recording Registry were announced by the Library of Congress.

Angela Merici (d. 1540)
Eunice Hale Cobb (b. 1803)
Yang Chuan-kwang (d. 2007)

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January 28

Lego bricks

1142 – Despite having saved the southern Song dynasty from attempts by the northern Jin dynasty to conquer it, Chinese general Yue Fei was executed by the Song government.
1547 – Nine-year-old Edward VI, the first English monarch to be raised as a Protestant, became king.
1813 – English author Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice was published, using material from an unpublished manuscript originally written between 1796 and 1797.
1958 – The Lego Group, a Danish toy company, filed a patent in Denmark for the design of Lego bricks (pictured).
1984 – Tropical Storm Domoina made landfall in southern Mozambique, causing some of the most severe flooding recorded in the region.

Paul Luther (b. 1533)
Colette (b. 1873)
Paul Henderson (b. 1943)

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January 29

Pope Sergius III

904 – Sergius III (pictured), whose pontificate was marked by feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, came out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
1863 – American Indian Wars: The U.S. Army led by Patrick Edward Connor massacred Chief Bear Hunter and Shoshone forces at the Bear River Massacre in present-day Franklin County, Idaho.
1911 – Mexican Revolution: The Magonista rebellion began when Mexican Liberal Party troops captured the town of Mexicali.
1959 – The first Melodifestivalen, an annual Swedish music competition that determines the country's representative for the Eurovision Song Contest, was held in Stockholm.
2017 – A lone gunman carried out a mass shooting at a mosque in Quebec City, Canada, killing six people and injuring nineteen others.

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (d. 1871)
Alice Catherine Evans (b. 1881)
Aminah Cendrakasih (b. 1938)

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January 30: Martyrs' Day in India (1948)

Attempted assassination of Andrew Jackson

1607 – Low-lying places around the coasts of the Bristol Channel of Britain were flooded, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths.
1835 – Richard Lawrence became the first person to attempt to assassinate a sitting US president when he failed to kill Andrew Jackson at the US Capitol (assassination attempt pictured) and was subdued by the crowd.
1939 – In a speech to the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler threatened the "annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe".
1972 – The Troubles: On Bloody Sunday, members of the British Parachute Regiment shot 26 civil-rights protesters in Derry, Northern Ireland, killing at least 13 people.

William More (b. 1520)
Angela of the Cross (b. 1846)
Abdullah II of Jordan (b. 1962)

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January 31: Independence Day in Nauru (1968)

Doug Williams

1208 – King Sverker II of Sweden was defeated at the Battle of Lena by Eric Knutsson, who succeeded to the throne.
1578 – Eighty Years' War: Spain won a crushing victory at the Battle of Gembloux, which led to a breakup of the Seventeen Provinces into the Catholic Union of Arras and the Protestant Union of Utrecht.
1957 – A DC-7B operated by Douglas Aircraft collided in mid-air with a U.S. Air Force F-89 and crashed into a schoolyard in Pacoima, California.
1988 – Doug Williams (pictured) became the first African-American quarterback to play in a Super Bowl, leading the Washington Redskins to victory in Super Bowl XXII.
2010 – James Cameron's Avatar became the first film to earn over US$2 billion worldwide.

James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (b. 1607)
Manuel Alberti (d. 1811)
Eleanor Holm (d. 2004)

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01	02	03	04	05	06	07
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22	23	24	25	26	27	28
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An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2023 day arrangement